Professor Jekyll and Comrade Hyde AndrewBrownJ.D. Bernal – The Sage of Science2006Oxford University PressOxford0-19-8515448 973-0-19-851544-9

that of their modern human contemporaries, they cared for their injured, and we have yet to last as long as a species on this planet as they did. However, modern humans went on to develop symbolic representation, complex social organisation, and also language in a way that was probably unmatched by the Neandertals. In the end, the nature of our speculations about what happened to the Neandertals may say more about us and how we see the current world than about what really happened 30,000 years ago. Some are convinced that Neandertals were the victims of an early genocide by modern humans — a consequence of our inherently violent nature. However, in the Middle East Neandertals and modern humans overlapped in the same general area for over 50,000 years and must at least have met some times — a fact that can be regarded as an encouraging example of long-term coexistence between two different forms of humans.